Photographic reproduction of designs in distorted forms



Nov. 11, 1952 K, 1 SNYDER 2,617,337

PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION OF' DESIGNS IN DISTORTED FORMS Filed Jan. 19, 1949 2 SHEETS-SHEET l Q Q ,/f-f/ Z7 zg/ 29 V5; Q Q 52 Y ,43 ma y e /z J* l @i Y Il n l 17 w .4 @5 2* ww 25;@2 KENNETH :LSNYDER' K. J. SNYDER Nov. 11, 1952 PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION OF DESIGNS IN DISTORTED FORMS 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 lFiled Jan.

' gime/MM.. KE NNETH d. SNYDER Patented Nov. 11, 1952 PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION vF ,DESIGNS IN DISTORTED FORMS Kenneth J. Snyder, Toledo, Ohio, assigner to Owens-Illinois Glass Company, a corporation ofl Ohio Applied@ ,January 19, 1949, Serial No; 711,613

(ci. 95-13 i 17 Claims.

My invention relates 'to photographic reproduction methods and'apparatus. It' provides a method and means for photographically reproducing designs in azrnodiedor distorted form. Such designs are of utiltyvinfthe preparation of decorating screens forlusefi'nthe art'of decorating conical or frustofoonical surfaces', Vasiel" eX- ample, the tapered shoulders of roundbottles.

At the present day, A screen decorating methods are extensively used forapplying lettering and decorative designs tothe cylindrical "bodies 'and tapered shoulders ofround bottles.l In decorating .the Cylindrical body surfaces fof the bottles, a decorating screen-is movedfin a straight line over the surface to beA decoratedwhile. the bottle is inrolling contactwith the screen. The'ceramic decorating material isforced through the screen by meansof agsqueegee. Iif the tapered shoulder surface of thebottle is to be decorated, -a screen bearing'the design may be moved over such surf-ace inan arc-shaped path While the bottle rotates about its axis,thereby .permitting the design to be transferred in undistorted form.

A second method :of decoratingsuch atapered shoulder consists in moving the screen in a straight line path While in rolling contact with the tapered shoulder. This second method is particularlyi Vdesirablefrorn an operating standpoint but the design as thus appl-iedto such surface is distorted. In order to overcome this objection it has been the custom for the artist to reproduce the design in a distortedform'such that When applied to the decorating screen and used with ya straight line method'of transfer, the design appears on the tapered surface of the bottle in undistortedform. ,Such reproduction of the design by the artist'ini-ts modified or distorted form is accomplishedby the manual transfer of reference points by means of coordinates. This isa tedious and time-consuming operation and an object ofthe presentinv'ention is to provide a novel form of apparatus for mechanically and photographic'ally reproducing the design in its modified or distorted `form to replace such manual transfer meth-od.

A further object of. the invention is to provide a simplied method V'of reproducing designs in modied formy adapting them for `use when .the design is to be appledgto' .the tapered shoulders of bottles on .Whi'chwdesigns aref also to be applied to the cylindrical'bodes. vThey5tef sigr`is then may be applied to both the saidbody., and shoulder of the bottle simultaneously] by the straight line method in afsinglegoperation -andWith cornpar-atively simple apparatus.

A further obj ectfof the invention' ifs toj prov-ide an apparatuslfor'mechfa ally andjpliotographically producingla'fdi's ort'edl straight positive from a radius negative i-or'the 'application of vceramic paint tothe' tapered' shoulder of a bottle in a design which is nndigstorted. The invention provides meansifor 'producing va positive of the desired design inapte-dined or distorted form on a contrastilm ffrmj'Wh-ich 'adegcorating screen is mad'ethat 'can rbe"Y used for decorating by "the straight'line nit'ofjthereby permitting the tapered Ashol'lldef alfd yl'rldrieal body ofthe bottle to be `decoratdfsimultaneusly with an automaticdeoofatingmaehih;

`A further .object bfthef invention is 17o `provide a'means by Vwhich a distortedpostive of the character indicated, made'froin'an undistorted negative, maybeiisedto"photographicfally reproduce the design in unll'sii'cijfi,ed*'.tcr'rffli.V l'

Other objects' 'of "tlieinvention will appear hereinafter.- Y

Referring to,v the vaccomiranying drawings Fig. 1 is la' plan' viewfwithparts broken away, of a photographic reproducing apparatus for use in practicing my invention; i

Fig. 2 is la vsectional side elevation of the same.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary cross-sectional elevationv at the line`3-3 onlig'.` 2,' showing the means for exposing the sensitized lm.

IFiggl is adiagra'mnatic Viewl :of a bottle, and means for de'c'orating'the body and shoulder'of the bottle.

Fig. 5 is `a perspective disassembled View of the parts sholwn'in Fig. 3;

fffig.` 6 isavie'w of anegative showing the design in its lundisffo'rted' form'.

Fig. 7 is ia'view of a 4distorted positive photographically reproduced the negative of Fig. 6.

,Figi 8 isa View similartoFig. 3 showing means bywhich the negative '('Fi-glVin' undistorted vform may be reprediieed from' theds'torted positive (Figi). i

rltefe'rring to4 Figsl- 1 .and 2, the apparatus comprises a Gabinetto ineiiiiiinga narizontai top ii, front Wall Yl2,` re`ar Vetca1`Wa11l3 and abottom I4' hinged" at llto'therear 'wall. Within the cabineti-s afgeaieasfe .l'6 carried' by a bracket l1 mount-safer forward andjiearward adjusting movement' along the'iirider surface of the' cabinet top wail ii. Thebrack'e't is secured to the top Il by screw bolts i8 which extend through slots I9 permitting adjustment of the gear case. A vertical shaft 2l' journalled in the case I6 has keyedY thereto 'a Worm' `gear"22 driven'by aworm afirme? 3 E3 on an extensible shaft comp-rising telescopically connected sections 23 and 25, the latter journalled in the front wall I2. A hand crank Z3 is attached to the shaft for driving the worm gearing and thereby rotating shaft 2i.

Mounted on the top of the cabinet at the rear end thereof is a frame 2, comprising front and rear rails 23 and 23, on which is mounted a carriage 3l for horizontal reciprocating movement.

A straight rack bar 32 is bolted to arms 33 attached to, and extending forwardly from the carriage 3 i. The rack bar is formed with rack teeth 35 which mesh with the gear teeth 35 of a segmental gear 35 secured to and concentric with the shaft 2i.

A sensitized photographic film 35 on which is to be produced the distorted positive design 3l (Fig. '7), is mounted on a pair of arms 33 and 33 on the carriage 3l. The arm 38 is secured by screws iii to the carriage. The arm 35 is adjustably connected to the carriage by means of a clamping screw 52 extending through a slot i3 in the arm 33. The nlm 36 may be removably attached to the arms 38, 39 by strips id of adhesive tape.

A film d on which is a developed negative i5 of the design, in undistorted form, is supported directly beneath and in juxtaposition to the film 35. The means for supporting the film d5 comprises a pair of radial arms 41 carried by clamping disks d3 secured to the shaft 2i, the arms i'i being rotatively adjustable relative to the disks @it to accommodate lms 45 of different lengths. The film 45 may be attached to the arms el by means of adhesive tape in the same manner as the nlm 35 is secured.

The sensitized film 35, mounted as above described, is moved in a straight line with the carriage 3i, and is so positioned on the supporting arms 33 and 39 that the center line 5i (Figs. 1 and 7), midway between the top and bottom of the design, is directly over and parallel with the rack teeth on the rack bar 32. The negative design ii as a whole (Fig. 6) as shown is curved or arc-shaped, and the film i5 is so positioned on the arms di that the longitudinal center line or arc of curvature 52, midway between the upper and lower margins of the design 45, is directly over the gear teeth 34 or" the segmental gear 35. rlf'hat is, the center line of the design is an arc concentric with the shaft 2| and having the same radius of curvature as the gear 35.

The means for exposing the sensitized film 36 comprises an electric lamp 53 mounted within a light tight shield 5d attached to the under surface of the cabinet top H. The light is transmitted upwardly through an aperture 55 in the wall i i and a passageway 55 formed by the walls of a lm supporting member 5l or cap mounted on the cabinet. The channel 55 terminates at its upper end in a narrow horizontal slit 58. The negative film 35 and the sensitized film 33 directly thereover are held together and in contact with the support 5l by a pressure roll 53 journalled in an arm 5i. The arm 5i is connected by a pivot 62 to a bracket 63 on the cabinet, permitting the roll to be lifted. The light slit 53, which is perpendicular to the rack bar 32, is of a length to extend entirely across the design which is to be reproduced.

Operation The operation of reproducing the design from the negative lit takes place in a dark room and is as follows.

The sensitized lm 36 and the fixed negative film d5 are attached respectively to the carriage 3i and the radial arms il as above described and the segmental gear 35 is rotated by the hand crank 25 to position the films with the slot 57 at or beyond one end of the design L55. The lamp 53 is then lighted and the hand crank turned to rotate the segmental gear 35 and thereby move the negative lm [i5 forward in its own plane and in an arc-shaped path, and simultaneously move the rack 32 and sensitized film 36 lengthwise in a straight path. The light passing through the slot 53 is transmitted through the transparency 35 bearing the negative design lit, thereby exposing the sensitized film 33 as the two films transverse the light slit 57. As the negative 55 is moving in an arc while the film 35 is moving in a straight line during such exposure, the reproduced design 3'1 is modified or distorted owing to the relative movement of the lms during such exposure. The portion of the negative design below the line 52 (as viewed in Fig. 6) will move at a somewhat higher speed than the film 36 so that the corresponding reproduced portions of 'the design on the film 36 are shortened or contracted. In like manner the portions of the design above the center lines 5l and 52 are lengthened in the reproduced design 3l. The net result of the reproduction of the arc-shaped design lii in this manner is a modified or distorted design of the form shown in Fig. 7.

After the exposed iilm 36 has been developed and xed, the design 3l is reproduced on a screen 55 (Fig. 4) and is then used for decorating the tapered or frusto-conical shoulder surface 66 of a bottle 5l. The screen 55 is moved in a straight line while the bottle is rotated about its longitudinal axis with the surface 65 in rolling contact with the screen. The design reproduced on the tapered surface 65 is a modified or distorted reproduction of the design 3l but such distortion is the reverse of the distortion in the design 37 produced from the undistorted negative design 56, so that the design on a bottle is an undistorted reproduction of the design 45.

Fig. 8 illustrates a device by which 'the design (i5 (Fig. 6) may be reproduced in undistorted form from the distorted positive 3l'. The lamp 53 is mounted in a casing 53 over the support 51, the casing 5S being provided with a light slit 39. The nlm 35 which has been developed and xed with the distorted positive design 31, is in this instance placed over a sensitized film 45a and the latter exposed in the manner above described. When the exposed lm has been developed and fixed, the result is a duplicate of the undistorted negative design as shown in Fig. 6.

The method herein disclosed is not limited to the use of radiation within the visible spectrum. Ultraviolet radiation or actinic radiation generally may be employed. The term light as herein used is intended to cover all suchradiation.

Modifications may be resorted to within the spirit and scope of my invention.

I claim:

1. The method of photographically reproducing a design in a modied or distorted form, which method comprises superposing a sensitized sheet and a sheet consisting of a transparency bearing said design, applying to a restricted area of the design bearing sheet, a beam of light, said area being in the form of a narrow strip extending across the design bearing sheet, moving the latter relatively to the light beam in a direction transverse to that in which the said light strip extends and thereby exposing 'the entire design progressively to the light beam, moving Vthe sensitized sheet concurrently Vwith the `movement of the design and with the portions ofv said sheets which cross the light beam strip atla predetermined point in said strip, both moving 'in 'the same direction and at the same speed 'while passing said point, and shifting Athe relative positions of the two sheets by an angular relative movement of the sheets maintained throughout the said exposure of the design.

'2, vThe method of. photographi'cally 'reproducing a design in a modiiied or distorted "form which comprises superposing .a transparency bearing the said design and 4a sensitized iilm, 'said transparency and iilmeach being in theform of a sheet, applying 'to a restricted 'area4 of said transparency, a beam of light 'in the form of a narrow beam extending across the transparency, moving said superposed sheetsu simultaneously and with the Vportions oi said sheets exposed to said beam moving while exposed, inthe same direction, the said direction of movement being perpendicular to the said direction in which the beam is extended, the movement of one said sheet being in a straight path and of the other vin an arc-shaped path, thereby expos/ing the sensitized shet and impressing thereon a Inod'i'ed form of design, and thereafter developing and fixing 'the sensitized film.

3. The method which comprises 'superp'osing a design and a photographica'lly sensitized iilm, exposing the design to acti-nic radiation connned to a narrow strip area of the design, and progressively advancing the area of exposure while maintaining such restriction and thereby exposing the entire area of the design and concomitantly said lilm to said radiation, causing a slight relative angular movement of the said iilm and design during the progression of said exposure by which the design in modified lform is impressed on the film, and thereafter ldeveloping and fixing the exposed film.

4. The combination of a photographically sensitive nlm, a transparency bearing a design, means for supporting said film and transparency in superposed relation, a 'light source, means providing a narrow elongated slit through which light from said source is 'transmitted and directed against a correspondingly vshaped area Iof the transparency, means for moving the said 'transparency and film transversely lof said lslit while in said superposed relation and thereby causing the area of exposure to advance over the transparency, thereby subjecting the transparency progressively to the light and exposing the film to the light transmitted through 'the transparency, and means for guiding the transparency in an arc-shaped path and said film in a straight path during said exposure.

5. The combination of a transparent sheet bearing a design, a photographically sensitized film, a carriage on which said film is mounted, a support on which said transparent sheet is mounted, with said sheet and film paral1e1 and close together in superposed relation, an electric lamp, an enclosure therefor, the walls of the enclosure being formed with an elongated slit, means for driving the carriage in a straight path and said support in an arc-shaped path while the sheet and nlm are maintained in said superposed relation and with a portion of said design moving at the same speed and in the same direction as said film and thereby advancing the superposed lm and transparency along said slit,

the transparency 4being interposed between the slit andA sensitized film, and lthereby yprogressively exposing the nlm to light transmitted from said Yslit through the transparency.

6. The combination of av transparent vsheet bearing la design, -a photographically sensitized film, a carriage on which said film is mounted, a support 'on which said transparent sheet is mounted, with said l'sheetjand film parallel and close together in` superposed relation, ran electric lamp, an enclosure therefor, the Walls of the Ienclosure being formed with an elongated slit, means for moving the carriage in a Vstraight path and vin va ldirection in which the plane vof the sheet extends, 'and means for simultaneously moving the film in an arc-shaped path while maintaining said parallel superposed relation of the sheet and film, saidY slit being positionedA to apply light directly to the transparent Vsheet during said movement of the carriage.

'7. Photographic reproduction apparatus comprising a carriage mounted for straight line movement, a carrier mounted for oscillating movement about an axis perpendicular to the direction of movement of the carriage, means for eiiecting said movementsof the carriage and carrier concurrently, means for holding a sensitized sheet and a design bearing sheet in superposed relation with one sheet mounted on the carriage and the other on sai-d carrier, with the inner faces of said sheets in vsubstantially the saine plane perpendicular to said axis, a light source, means enclosing said light source and formed with Aa slit in the wall of rthe enclosing means, said slit being positioned adjacent to said superposed sheets and extending transversely of Vthesaid direction 4of movement ofthe carriage.

8. Photographic,reproduction lapparatus vcomprisingna carriage, means mounting the carriage for straight line reciprocating movement, a carrier mounted` for oscillating movement about an axis perpendicular to the direction of movement of the carriage, means for driving the Vcarriage and carrier, gears interconnecting the carriage and the carrier for Acausing their simultaneous movement, means for holding a sensitized sheet anda design bearing sheet parallel and close 'together inrsuperposed relation with one sheet attached to the carriage for straight line movement therewith and the other sheet attached to the lcarrier for oscillating movement therewith, means for directing a beam of light 4against a restricted area of the design bearing sheet in the form of a narrow elongated 4strip area `extending transversely to the 'direction of movement of said carriage and 'whereby 'the `said movement of the carriage vand said carrier causes the light beam to traverse said sheets.

9. Photographic reproduction apparatus comprising a carriage, means mounting the carriage for straight line reciprocating movement, a carrier mounted for oscillating movement about an axis perpendicular to the direction of movement of the carriage, gears interconnecting the carriage and the carrier for causing their simultaneous movement, means for holding a sensitized sheet and a design bearing sheet in superposed relation with one sheet attached to the carriage for straight line movement therewith and the other sheet attached to the carrier for oscillating movement therewith, an electric lamp, and an enclosure for the lamp, a Wall of said enclosure having a slit therein positioned to extend across the superposed sheets transversely to the direction of movement of the carriage.

10. Photographic reproduction apparatus com- Iprising a. carriage mounted for horizontal reciprocating movement, a rack bar connected to and extending lengthwise of the carriage, a carrier mounted for oscillating movement about a vertical axis, a gear segment connected to the carrier for oscillating movement therewith about said axis and running in mesh with said rack, means for holding a sheet on the carrier and a sheet on the said carriage with the sheets superposed and extending in a horizontal plane, an electric lamp, means providing a slit through which light is transmitted from said lamp, said slit being in juxtaposition to said superposed sheets and extending transversely of the rack and gear substantially at their point of tangency.

11. The method of photographically reproducing a design in a modied or distorted form, which method comprises superimposing a, sensitized sheet and a sheet consisting of a transparency bearing said design, causing said sheets to traverse a beam of light projected through a narrow slit close to said sheets and extending transversely to the direction of movement of said sheets and thereby exposing the entire design progressively to the light beam, the movement of both sheets at -a point in said light beam being in the same direction and at the same speed throughout the said exposure, and gradually shifting the angular position of one sheet relative to the other during said exposure.

12. The method defined in claim 11, one said sheet moving in a straight line during said exposure and the other sheet moving in an arc-shaped path.

13. The method of photographically reproducing a design in a modified or distorted form, which method comprises superimposing a, sensitized sheet and a sheet bearing said design, causing said sheets while superimposed to move across a light beam in the form of a narrow slit extending transversely of the direction of movement of the said sheets with one said sheet moving in an arcshaped path such that all portions of the sheet while crossing said slit are moving in a direction substantially perpendicular to the slit and with the other sheet moving in a. straight path, the portions of both said sheets crossing a predetermined point in said slit, moving in the same direction and at the same speed at said point.

14. The method deiined in claim 13, the sheet bearing said design being the one moving in the arc-shaped path, the other sheet moving in a straight path.

15. The method deiined in claim 1, the sensitized sheet moving in a straight line direction and the design bearing sheet moving in an arc-shaped path.

16. The method of photographically rcproduc ing a design in a modified form, which method comprises superimposing a sensitized sheet and a sheet consisting of a transparency bearing said design, said sheets having their inner faces in substantially the same plane, applying to a restricted area of the design-bearing sheet a beam of light, said beam at said area being in the form of a narrow strip extending across the sheets, causing a relative movement of the light beam and the sheets in a predetermined direction transverse to that in which the beam extends across the sheets, and by said relative movement exposing the entire design progressively to the light beam and thereby producing a photographic exposure of the sensitized sheet to the said design, and relatively moving, in said predetermined direction, the portions of the sheets at and while crossing the light beam, and with a differential variation in the velocities of the said portions of the sheets crossing the light beam, the difference in velocities at different points in the beam being proportional to the distances of such points from a predetermined point in the beam, thereby modifying the form of the design exposure on the sensitized iilm relative to the design on said design-bearing sheet.

17. The method dened in claim 16, the relative movement of the said predetermined point and said sheets being such that the said point traverses one sheet in a straight median line extending across the sheet, the velocity of the designbearing sheet being greater on one side of said median line than that of the sensitized sheet, and on the opposite side of said median line less than that of the sensitized sheet.

KENNETH J. SNYDER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,001,549 Mertens Aug. 22, 1911 1,176,384 Lotka Mar. 21, 1916 1,456,954 Von Lucken May 29, 1923 1,738,095 Carleton Dec. 3, 1929 1,844,162 Hirsch Feb. 9, 1932 1,904,672 Berthon Apr. 18, 1933 2,066,728 Heymer Jan. 5, 1937 2,286,880 Weber June 16, 1942 2,288,352 Henderson June 30, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 728,636 Germany Nov. 30, 1942 

